Duplicati: Encrypted Incremental Backups to Cloud and Remote Storage
Duplicati creates backup jobs that copy files to a destination of your choosing — a folder, FTP or SFTP server, WebDAV share, or one of many cloud providers — while encrypting and compressing everything before upload. Setup runs through a wizard in a local browser interface: pick the source folders, pick the destination, set a passphrase, choose a schedule, and decide how many versions to keep. After that the job runs unattended, and the same interface lets you browse past versions, search for a file, and restore individual items or entire folders. Each run is incremental, so only changed blocks are transferred once the first backup exists.
Duplicati keeps a local index database recording which blocks belong to which version, which is what makes browsing and restoring fast. That database is also a single point of failure, so a separate recovery tool rebuilds it from the files already in the destination. Versions can be thinned with retention rules, from simple daily options to custom expressions that retain hourly, weekly, and monthly points. Uploads can be verified by comparing the stored file with the local copy, bandwidth can be throttled, and email reports can announce the result of each run. Snapshots of locked files are handled through the system's shadow copy service. KopiaUI is a different take on the same problem, using a policy-driven desktop interface instead.
Benefits of Using Duplicati
What makes Duplicati worth using is that it separates the backup engine from the storage destination, so the same job definition works against a cheap cloud bucket, a colleague's server, or a USB drive. Incremental block-level transfers mean a daily backup of a large photo collection takes minutes rather than hours after the first run, and retention rules keep the version history from expanding without limit. Encryption happens before upload, which is the difference between trusting a storage provider and merely tolerating one. The browser interface is approachable for a non-specialist: create a job once, watch the first run, then check the log occasionally rather than babysitting a schedule. Restores are the part people actually test, and Duplicati allows browsing a specific date, searching filenames across versions, and recovering a single file without touching the rest. The recovery tool for rebuilding a lost database is unusual insurance against a failure that catches many backup setups off guard.
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